Which signs fit IBD in cats?
The signs of IBD in cats are often subtle and variable. Common signs include:
- Chronic or recurrent diarrhoea
- Regular vomiting (sometimes several times per week)
- Weight loss despite a normal appetite
- Reduced appetite or fussy eating
- A dull coat or poorer grooming
- Variable stools, sometimes with mucus
In some cats vomiting is most prominent, while in others diarrhoea or weight loss is the main issue.
At what age does IBD occur in cats?
IBD can occur at any age, but it is most often seen in middle-aged cats, usually from 5 to 7 years. Some breeds, such as the Siamese, appear more prone to chronic intestinal inflammation.
Different forms of chronic intestinal disease in cats
As in dogs, chronic intestinal disease in cats is grouped according to treatment response.
Food Responsive Enteropathy
In some cats the signs improve clearly after switching to a special diet, such as a hypoallergenic food or a diet with a single novel protein source. Food hypersensitivity plays an important role here.
Immune-mediated intestinal disease (IBD)
When dietary measures are insufficient, an immune-mediated inflammation of the intestines, that is IBD, is often present. The immune system remains active and causes chronic inflammation.
In some cases, IBD in cats closely resembles chronic inflammatory bowel diseases in humans, such as Crohn’s disease. We also see a dysregulated immune response and a variable course with flare-ups.
Antibiotic Responsive Enteropathy
In some cats, changes in the gut flora are major drivers. In those cases, signs may temporarily improve with certain antibiotics, although this approach is used with increasing caution.
How is IBD diagnosed in cats?
IBD in cats is a diagnosis of exclusion. Your vet will first rule out other causes, such as:
- Parasites (worms, Giardia)
- Food intolerance
- Pancreatic problems
- Hormonal diseases
- Infections
This is done via stool testing, blood tests and abdominal ultrasound.
If signs persist, intestinal biopsies taken via endoscopy may be needed. This is the only way to determine the nature and severity of inflammation with certainty.
Treatment of IBD in cats
Treatment requires a careful, individual approach and usually has several components.
Dietary adjustment
A tailored diet almost always forms the basis of treatment. Common choices include:
The aim is to minimise stimulation of the intestines.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
Cats with chronic intestinal inflammation often develop a vitamin B12 deficiency. This can lead to:
- Reduced appetite
- Lethargy
- Poor nutrient absorption
A deficiency is identified via blood tests. Initial supplementation is often by vitamin B12 injections. Later, supplements can be used, such as Protexin Cobalaplex.
Supporting the gut flora
Probiotics can help restore balance in the intestines. They support the gut barrier and may contribute to more stable stools, especially alongside dietary measures.
Medication
When diet and supportive measures are insufficient, your vet may prescribe medication, such as:
- Corticosteroids to suppress the inflammatory response
- Metronidazole in severe inflammation or dysbiosis
Doses are always introduced carefully and adjusted to the cat’s response.
Stress, resilience and IBD
Stress plays a larger role in cats than many expect. Environmental changes, other pets, moving house or illness can trigger IBD flare-ups. A stable environment and sufficient rest are therefore important in managing this condition.
IBD and other conditions
IBD in cats can occur together with other chronic diseases, such as:
- Food allergies
- Pancreatitis
- Liver problems
In cats, the term triaditis is also used when intestines, liver and pancreas are affected at the same time.
IBD in cats is a chronic disease that often presents with long-standing diarrhoea, vomiting or weight loss. With the right diagnosis and a combination of diet, supportive care and, if needed, medication, many cats can have their signs well controlled and enjoy a better quality of life.
Do you have questions about IBD in cats? Contact us at veterinarian@vetsend.co.uk.
