The axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is an amphibian that naturally occurs in Mexico. This striking animal lives in water and is known for its unusual appearance, with external gills and a larva-like appearance. Unlike other salamanders, the axolotl does not undergo complete metamorphosis and therefore retains a larva-like appearance throughout its life. Axolotls are fairly shy animals and like to hide. Because the axolotl is sensitive to its living environment, it is important to properly align the water quality, temperature and layout.
Please note: the axolotl is subject to CITES regulations. This means that you may only keep it if the animal comes from a legal source and the correct documents are present.
The axolotl occurs in the wild in parts of Mexico, where it lives in deep lakes. Unlike other salamanders, the axolotl does not undergo metamorphosis, giving it a larva-like appearance. Today, the axolotl is one of the critically endangered animal species due to water pollution and the disappearance of habitats, meaning it is now rarely found in the wild. It is prohibited to catch and trade wild axolotls. Axolotls kept as pets are bred and fall under regulations such as CITES.
The axolotl has an unusual appearance with a long body, a broad head and three pairs of external gills that protrude from the sides of its head. These gills are used to absorb oxygen from the water. It also breathes through its skin and lungs. Axolotls can grow up to around 30 cm long and have a dorsal fin that runs along their entire body. Different colours occur in captivity. In terms of behaviour, axolotls are very calm. They like to hide and do not like being touched because of their sensitive skin. Touching can cause damage and stress.
Axolotls are carnivores and eat prey that fits into their mouth in one go. Examples include earthworms, small fish, mosquito larvae and aquatic insects. There are also special pellets that you can give. Do not give food from the wild in order to reduce the risk of disease.
It is not recommended to keep axolotls together with fish. Axolotls can eat small fish and larger fish can damage the axolotl’s gills by nibbling on them.
Axolotls live in cool water in the wild. Temperatures between 12 and 19°C are ideal. Higher temperatures can cause stress and make them more susceptible to disease.
You can keep axolotls with others of the same species, provided they are roughly the same size. If there are large differences in size, they may injure or eat each other.
In general, an axolotl is less suitable for beginners. This animal has very specific requirements when it comes to water quality, temperature and care.
Axolotls are kept in an aquarium and, for one axolotl, an aquarium of at least 100 x 40 x 50 cm is recommended, although larger is always better. If you have several axolotls, you will need a larger aquarium. Choose an aquarium with sufficient width. Axolotls mostly live on the bottom and benefit more from a wide and lower aquarium than a tall aquarium. They need cool water, preferably between 12 and 19°C. Higher temperatures can be harmful. The water must be clean and partially changed on a regular basis. A good filter is very important, but it must not create a strong current.
In addition, the axolotl is sensitive to substances such as chlorine, nitrite and ammonia. It is important to test the water quality regularly and use water conditioners if necessary.
The aquarium should contain enough hiding places. Think of plants, stones and caves. Axolotls like to hide and feel safer with enough hiding places. Avoid coarse or sharp substrate, as this can damage the skin.
Check your axolotl daily and pay attention to its behaviour, appetite and appearance. Remove food remains and check the water temperature regularly.
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