How does canine distemper spread?
The virus spreads through nasal discharge and saliva, so generally through coughing/sneezing and direct contact between dogs. Infected dogs can already spread the virus before they are clearly ill.
Canine distemper in the United Kingdom
Thanks to strict and large-scale vaccination programmes, canine distemper has become very rare in the United Kingdom. Cases occur sporadically, but are mainly limited to dogs imported from abroad or occasional outbreaks among unvaccinated dogs.
However, local vets and organisations, such as the Royal Veterinary College, emphasise that vigilance remains essential. The virus can resurface via wild animals (such as foxes) or through unvaccinated dogs.
Symptoms of canine distemper in dogs
The symptoms of canine distemper in dogs can vary widely. Some dogs become mildly ill, while others develop severe symptoms. The symptoms of canine distemper can range from respiratory and intestinal complaints to serious neurological problems.
Common symptoms of canine distemper are:
- fever
- lethargy
- reduced appetite
- nasal discharge
- eye discharge
- coughing
- diarrhoea
- vomiting
In more serious cases, the virus can also affect the nervous system. You may then also see symptoms such as:
- muscle tremors
- uncontrolled movements
- epileptic seizures
- signs of paralysis
Some dogs also develop thickening of the nose or paw pads. This is also known as “hard pad disease”.
How is canine distemper diagnosed?
A vet will look at:
- the symptoms
- vaccination status
- possible origin from abroad
Sometimes additional tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Can canine distemper be treated?
There is no specific medicine against the virus itself. Treatment is therefore supportive.
This may include, for example:
- fluids by drip
- medication for nausea
- antibiotics for secondary infections
- support for nutrition and fluid balance
The prognosis depends heavily on:
- the severity of the infection
- the age of the dog
- the development of neurological symptoms
Canine distemper vaccination: how important is it?
Canine distemper vaccination is the most important protection against this disease. In the United Kingdom, this vaccination is a standard part of the vaccination schedule for puppies.
Vaccination helps the body build protection against the virus. Also read our blog Annual dog vaccination.
How often should a dog be vaccinated against canine distemper?
Puppies are vaccinated against canine distemper several times, usually at 6, 9 and 12 weeks of age. After that, the vaccination is repeated at 1 year of age. After this, your dog is protected for 3 years or more.
The exact frequency can vary depending on the vaccine and the dog. Your vet can advise which schedule is the best fit.
How long does the canine distemper vaccination work?
Many modern vaccines provide protection for several years. For most vaccines against canine distemper, protection lasts for around 3 years. To avoid vaccinating unnecessarily against canine distemper, you can also have a titre test carried out after 3 years.
Can vaccinated dogs still become ill?
Vaccination offers very good protection, but no vaccination gives a 100% guarantee. Even so, an infection in vaccinated dogs is usually much milder than in unvaccinated dogs.
Do you still have questions about canine distemper? Please get in touch via veterinarian@vetsend.co.uk.
