The life cycle of the harvest mite
To understand when symptoms may occur, it is useful to know what the life cycle of the harvest mite looks like:
In late summer and autumn (August and September), the eggs that were laid in the soil the previous year hatch. The larvae have six legs (unlike adult mites, which have eight) and are the only parasitic stage. They feed on tissue fluid from insects, other mites or mammals. They climb onto grass or low shrubs and attach themselves to passing animals or people. After a few days, they detach and develop into nymphs and later into adult mites. The entire life cycle takes approximately two months.
Which animals are affected by harvest mites?
Dogs, cats and rabbits are particularly likely to be affected by harvest mites. They become infested while spending time outdoors, especially in long grass or more overgrown natural areas. Most cases occur in August and September.
Please note: people can also be affected by these mites!
Symptoms of a harvest mite infestation
The larvae mainly attach themselves to warm areas of skin with little hair. These include:
- Head (around the eyes, muzzle and ears)
- Ear folds
- Between the toes or around the edges of the paws
- Abdomen and groin
The most common symptoms include:
- Severe itching
- Redness and irritation of the skin
- Secondary skin lesions caused by scratching, biting and rubbing
- Skin inflammation
The itching can persist for some time, even after the mites themselves have disappeared.
How are harvest mites diagnosed?
Harvest mites can be seen with the naked eye. They often appear as small, bright orange dots. They are frequently found in clusters, for example in a skin fold or between the toes. A vet may confirm the presence of mites by examining a tape sample or skin scraping under a microscope, although the infestation can often be identified visually.
How can harvest mites be treated?
Treatment often consists of two parts: eliminating the mites themselves and treating the affected skin.
Eliminating the mites
Use a flea and tick treatment, such as Frontline Spray. This can be sprayed directly onto the affected areas. Spot-on treatments containing fipronil may also be used for prevention and treatment.
Please note: some active ingredients, such as permethrin, are effective but toxic to cats. Only use products that are specifically suitable for dogs or cats.
Treating the skin
If the skin is severely irritated or inflamed, the skin itself should also be treated. Gently cleanse the skin, for example with Maxani Cleanser Spray. A vet may prescribe anti-inflammatory medication or antibiotics for secondary infections. If there is no clear bacterial infection, a product such as Clorexyderm Spot Gel can also be applied locally. A cone or protective shirt can help prevent biting and scratching.
How can you prevent harvest mite infestations?
It is difficult to prevent harvest mites completely, but you can significantly reduce the risk with a few preventive measures:
- Avoid walking in long grass or areas where harvest mites have previously been found
- Check your pet after a walk
- Use a preventive flea and tick treatment that is also effective against mites, such as Frontline. For dogs, permethrin can also be used, but it is extremely dangerous to cats.
Do you have any questions about harvest mites? Please contact us at veterinarian@vetsend.co.uk.
