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What Can Guinea Pigs Eat?

Written by Antoinet | May 23, 2025

Guinea pigs are sociable pets that need a balanced diet to stay healthy and happy. But did you know that they cannot produce their own vitamin C and that their diet involves much more than just hay and vegetables? So, what can guinea pigs eat and what should be strictly avoided? And how can you treat them safely and responsibly? Discover everything you need to know about healthy nutrition, from the best snacks to the importance of daily vitamin C.

Guinea Pigs are true herbivores. This means their diet must consist entirely of plant-based foods. Their teeth grow continuously throughout their lives, so a fibre-rich diet especially hay is essential to wear them down naturally. In addition, guinea pigs cannot produce their own vitamin C, which makes them unique among many other animals.

What Can Guinea Pigs Eat?

Guinea pigs require a balanced diet tailored to their specific nutritional needs. Their diet mainly consists of three components: hay, fresh vegetables, and specially formulated guinea pig pellets. Hay should make up the majority of their diet and must be available at all times. It not only helps wear down their teeth but also promotes healthy digestion.

Healthy Products for Your Guinea Pig

Vegetables and Fruit: What’s Allowed and What’s Not

Guinea pigs need a daily portion of fresh vegetables in addition to their main meal of hay. Suitable vegetables include bell pepper, cucumber, chicory, and escarole. These contain important vitamins and minerals that contribute to their overall health. It’s important to introduce new vegetables gradually, so their digestive system can adjust and potential reactions like diarrhea can be avoided. Start offering a variety of vegetables from a young age so they get used to a diverse diet. This not only helps them stay healthy but also makes them less picky. Fruit such as apple, strawberry, and pear can be given as a treat, but in moderation due to their high sugar content.

There are also foods that guinea pigs should never eat, as they are toxic or harmful. Examples include onion, leek, potatoes, avocado, zucchini, corn, and rhubarb. Products like chocolate, bread, and dairy are also unsuitable because a guinea pig’s digestive system cannot process them. Avoid giving them food that has been sprayed or contaminated, such as grass from areas treated with pesticides.

You can find a full list of suitable and unsafe foods in the dropdown section at the bottom of this page.

What Kind of Pellets Should You Feed Your Guinea Pigs?

Pellets are an important part of a guinea pig’s diet because they often contain added nutrients like vitamin C. There are different types of pellets available, such as compressed pellets or muesli-style mixes. It’s best to choose compressed pellets, as these prevent selective eating and ensure your guinea pig consumes all the nutrients it needs. Examples include Supreme Science Selective Guinea Pig and Bunny Nature Guinea Pig Dream Basic. These pellets all look the same and don’t contain colorful pieces.

The amount of pellets to give depends on the brand and nutritional content, but typically 20 to 30 grams per guinea pig per day is sufficient. It’s important not to exceed the recommended amount, as too many pellets can lead to obesity and decreased interest in hay and vegetables, which are vital for their health. Always make sure your guinea pigs have finished their portion before offering more.

The Role of Vitamin C in a Guinea Pig’s Diet

Guinea pigs cannot produce their own vitamin C, so it’s important to add it to their diet daily. A vitamin C deficiency can lead to health issues such as joint problems, dental issues, and a weakened immune system. Fresh vegetables like bell pepper, kale, and parsley are excellent sources of vitamin C. Additionally, supplements can be given to ensure they’re getting enough. Any excess vitamin C is excreted in the urine, so it’s completely safe.

Most guinea pig pellets contain added vitamin C. However, it’s important to know that vitamin C is sensitive to light, moisture, and heat, which can cause the levels in the food to decrease quickly. Always choose pellets in light-proof packaging and avoid bulk bins. You can also provide extra vitamin C in the form of drops or tablets. Adding a liquid supplement to drinking water is another option, but keep in mind that vitamin C in water can degrade quickly sometimes within just a few hours. That’s why it’s essential to refresh their water regularly.

Additions to Your Guinea Pig’s Diet

Dried herbs are a tasty and nutritious addition to your guinea pig’s diet. They contain important nutrients like vitamins and minerals and add extra variety to their meals. Safe and popular choices include parsley, plantain, dandelion leaves, chamomile, and nettle most guinea pigs love them.

Always introduce new herbs gradually to prevent digestive issues and make sure your guinea pigs tolerate them well. Sprinkle a small amount of dried herbs over their hay or in their food bowl as a healthy and tasty treat. A daily portion of 5 to 10 grams per guinea pig is sufficient, depending on their size.

If you want to offer your guinea pigs a snack from time to time, always opt for a healthy option. Products like Supreme Forest Sticks are specially formulated for guinea pigs and contain natural ingredients that meet their nutritional needs. Treats should be given in moderation so that hay, vegetables, and pellets remain their main source of nutrition.

The Importance of a Varied and Safe Diet

By offering guinea pigs a varied diet, you help keep them healthy and ensure they get all the essential nutrients they need. A well-balanced diet supports a happy and energetic guinea pig and promotes a healthy digestive system.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many grams of pellets should I feed my guinea pigs per day?

About 20–30 grams per guinea pig per day is sufficient. This helps prevent selective eating and supports a healthy weight and good dental condition.

How many grams of herbs can I feed per day?

Feed a maximum of 5–10 grams of dried herbs per guinea pig per day as a supplement to their regular diet.

Which Vegetables Are Suitable for My Guinea Pigs?

Vegetables that are suitable for guinea pigs include: bell pepper, escarole, broccoli (in moderation), kale leaves, fennel, celery, celeriac, chicory, lamb’s lettuce, dandelion leaves, carrot, and carrot tops. Offer a varied mix of vegetables daily, but always introduce new types slowly to prevent digestive issues. Always wash vegetables thoroughly and make sure they are fresh and free from pesticides. Avoid vegetables that are high in sugar or water content, such as corn and iceberg lettuce.

What If My Guinea Pig Doesn’t Eat for a Day?

If your guinea pig doesn’t eat for a day, it’s a serious problem. A guinea pig’s digestive system must stay in constant motion to properly process food. When they stop eating, their intestines can slow down or stop altogether a condition known as gastrointestinal stasis which can quickly become life-threatening.

It’s important to take action immediately. First, check if your guinea pig is drinking water and try to tempt them with their favourite fresh vegetables, herbs, or hay. If they still refuse to eat, contact your veterinarian right away. In some cases, syringe feeding with a special formula like Critical Care may be necessary to get their digestion going again. Never wait to see if it gets better on its own the longer your guinea pig goes without eating, the harder recovery can be.

How many grams of vegetables can I feed per day?

A guideline of 50–100 grams per guinea pig per day is recommended, depending on their size and preferences. It’s important to introduce new vegetables gradually so their digestive system can adjust and to help avoid potential issues like diarrhea.

What Kind of Hay Is Best for My Guinea Pigs?

Hay is an essential part of a guinea pig’s diet, and there are several types to choose from. Timothy hay is a popular option due to its high fibre content and low calcium levels, which help prevent bladder problems. Meadow hay offers a varied mix of grasses and herbs, while mountain hay often has a more pleasant smell and can be more flavourful. Herbal hay, with added ingredients like chamomile or dandelion, can be a tasty change and provide extra nutrients.

It’s a good idea to alternate between different types of hay to provide variety and prevent boredom. Some guinea pigs have a clear preference for one type over another, so it might take some time to discover which one they like best. Always make sure the hay is fresh, dust-free, and of high quality, and replace it daily to support their overall health.

Which Vegetables Are Not Suitable for My Guinea Pigs?

Some vegetables are not suitable for guinea pigs because they are toxic, hard to digest, or harmful to their health. Avoid the following vegetables: onion, leek, tomato plant, tomato, avocado, rhubarb, iceberg lettuce, green beans, potato, eggplant, mushroom, garlic, snow peas, sugar snap peas, and regular peas. Zucchini and spinach may only be given in very small amounts and occasionally.

Can I Feed Grass to My Guinea Pigs?

Grass is a healthy and natural addition to a guinea pig’s diet because it is rich in fibre and nutrients. You can offer fresh, untreated grass, but introduce it gradually especially if your guinea pigs are not yet used to it—to avoid digestive problems. Always make sure the grass is clean, dry, and free from pesticides or droppings from other animals.

Important: Never feed your guinea pigs mowed grass. The crushing of the blades during mowing releases gases, which can lead to rapid fermentation. This can cause severe digestive issues or even gastrointestinal stasis. Always hand-pick or cut the grass yourself, or let your guinea pigs graze in the garden under close supervision and only in a safe, pesticide-free area.

Tips for Preparing Vegetables

In addition to introducing vegetables gradually to your guinea pigs’ diet, here are a few important tips for preparing them safely and healthily:

Always feed vegetables raw never cooked or fried, as guinea pigs cannot properly digest cooked foods.
Wash vegetables thoroughly to remove dirt and pesticide residue.
Remove any damaged or unhealthy parts.
Cut vegetables into bite-sized pieces to prevent choking.
Offer a variety of vegetables for a balanced diet.
Don’t offer too much at once to avoid spoilage.
Store vegetables in a cool place, but serve them only once they’ve reached room temperature to prevent digestive upset.
Avoid toxic vegetables!

With these tips, your guinea pigs can safely enjoy fresh and nutritious vegetables.

Which Vegetables or Fruits Can a Guinea Pig Eat?

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Zucchini?

Preferably not.

Opinions are divided on this topic. There is a rare risk that zucchinis contain high levels of natural toxins called cucurbitacins, especially in homegrown or wild varieties. These substances can taste bitter and be harmful to both humans and animals. Today’s commercially grown zucchinis are generally considered safe, and the risk of cucurbitacins is minimal.

However, even though zucchinis are now mostly safe, it’s better to opt for other vegetables there are plenty of healthy alternatives available.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Cauliflower?

In moderation.

Both the florets and leaves of cauliflower are safe for guinea pigs and can be offered as a snack. However, too much cauliflower can cause gas buildup in the intestines, which may lead to discomfort. So it’s best to feed it sparingly and observe how your guinea pig reacts.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Celery?

Yes, in moderation.

Celery is high in fibre and moisture, which supports digestion and hydration. However, not all guinea pigs enjoy its stringy texture. Always cut celery into small pieces before feeding it to your guinea pigs to make it easier to chew and reduce the risk of choking.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Brussels Sprouts?

Yes, in moderation.

Brussels sprouts contain vitamin C, which is beneficial for guinea pigs. However, feeding too many can lead to gas buildup in the digestive system, causing discomfort. It’s best to offer them occasionally and in small quantities.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Kale?

Yes.

Kale is high in vitamin C, which is essential for guinea pigs, and also provides other important nutrients like calcium and fibre. However, kale is also rich in calcium, which if consumed in excess can contribute to the formation of bladder stones. So it’s best to offer kale in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Pointed Cabbage?

Yes, in moderation.

Pointed cabbage contains vitamin C and fibre, which are beneficial for guinea pigs. However, feeding too much can cause gas to build up in the digestive tract, leading to discomfort. It’s best to offer it occasionally and in small amounts.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Leek?

No.

Leek belongs to the onion family and contains substances like thiosulfate and organic sulfur compounds, which are toxic to guinea pigs. Consuming leek can lead to serious health issues, such as digestive problems, anemia, or damage to red blood cells.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Potatoes?

No.

Potatoes contain solanine, a toxic substance that can be harmful to guinea pigs. Both raw and cooked potatoes, as well as the skin and sprouts, can cause digestive issues and even poisoning in guinea pigs.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Chicory?

Yes.

This is an excellent choice! Chicory is low in calories, high in fibre, and contains a small amount of vitamin C, making it a healthy option for guinea pigs.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Rhubarb?

No.

Rhubarb contains high levels of oxalates and other acids that are toxic to guinea pigs. Eating rhubarb can lead to serious health issues, including kidney and bladder problems, digestive discomfort, or even poisoning.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Escarole?

Yes.

Escarole is rich in vitamin C, low in calcium and oxalates, and easy to digest, making it a safe and healthy vegetable for guinea pigs.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Spinach?

In limited amounts.

Guinea pigs can eat spinach, but only in small quantities and not too often. Spinach is rich in nutrients such as vitamin C, which is important for guinea pigs. However, it also contains oxalates, which can lead to kidney or bladder issues if consumed in excess. Offer just a few leaves at a time as an occasional addition, and combine it with low-oxalate vegetables like bell pepper or cucumber.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Tomato?

In moderation.

Tomatoes are safe and contain vitamin C, which is important for guinea pigs. Only offer ripe tomatoes without any green parts, as the green parts (like the stem and leaves) contain solanine, which can be toxic to guinea pigs.

Feed small pieces as an occasional snack and avoid giving it too frequently, as tomatoes are acidic and may cause stomach upset if consumed in excess.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Bell Pepper?

Yes.

Most guinea pigs love it and it’s actually one of the best vegetables you can offer! Bell peppers are rich in vitamin C, which is essential for guinea pigs since they cannot produce it themselves. All colors of bell pepper (red, yellow, green, and orange) are safe, but red peppers contain the highest amount of vitamin C.

However, the plant itself is not suitable for consumption. Bell pepper plants are part of the nightshade family, which contains solanine a substance that is toxic to many animals. When giving bell pepper to your guinea pig, always remove the green stem, seeds, and white inner parts. These are harder to digest and may cause discomfort.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Bok Choy?

Yes, in moderation.

Bok choy is rich in vitamin C and other beneficial nutrients. However, it also contains oxalates and calcium, which if consumed in excess can contribute to kidney or bladder problems. Offer bok choy occasionally and in small amounts as part of a varied diet.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Arugula?

Yes, in moderation.

Arugula is rich in vitamin C and other beneficial nutrients, but it also contains calcium and oxalates. If consumed in large amounts, these can contribute to the formation of bladder stones. Offer arugula occasionally and in small portions as part of a varied diet.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Apple?

Yes, but only as a treat.

Apples contain natural sugars, which are not healthy for guinea pigs in large quantities. The peel is safe to eat, but the seeds must always be removed, as they contain toxic substances.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Chinese Cabbage?

Yes, in moderation.

Chinese cabbage contains vitamin C and fibre, which are beneficial for guinea pigs. However, feeding too much can cause gas buildup in the digestive tract, leading to discomfort. It’s best to offer it occasionally and in small amounts.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Avocado?

No.

Avocado contains persin, a substance that is toxic to many animals, including guinea pigs. Eating avocado can lead to serious health problems such as breathing difficulties, heart issues, or digestive disorders.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Corn?

Preferably not.

The kernels from a fresh corn cob are safe as an occasional treat, but they are high in sugar and are best avoided. The green husks and corn silk (the soft “hair” from the cob), on the other hand, are safe and even healthier than the kernels. They are rich in fibre and support good digestion. Canned or cooked corn should never be given, as it often contains added sugars or salt and is not suitable for guinea pigs.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Carrot?

Yes, in moderation.

Carrots contain a lot of natural sugars, which if consumed in excess can lead to weight gain or digestive issues. Carrot tops, on the other hand, are very healthy. They are high in fibre and low in sugar, making them an excellent choice for guinea pigs.

Can a Guinea Pig Eat Cucumber?

Yes.

Cucumber is a safe and refreshing snack! It contains a lot of water, which helps keep your guinea pig hydrated, but it has relatively low nutritional value. Offer it in moderation as part of a varied diet.