Why do anal gland problems occur?
Problems arise when the anal glands are not emptied properly. This can happen, for example, in cases of:
- soft or inconsistent stools
- chronic gastrointestinal problems
- overweight
- an abnormal position of the anal glands
- dogs that do not take enough time to defecate, resulting in insufficient emptying of the glands
It is important to know that anal glands should not be expressed preventively. Doing so can stimulate the glands to produce more fluid, which may worsen the problem.
Common anal gland problems
There are several anal gland issues that are commonly seen in dogs:
1. Blocked anal glands
In the case of blockage, the anal gland becomes overly full with glandular fluid.
If your dog has blocked anal glands, you may notice the following signs:
- scooting, dragging the rear end across the ground
- excessive licking or biting around the anus
- restlessness or discomfort when sitting
A blockage is usually not extremely painful, but it is uncomfortable. Without treatment, it can develop into an inflammation. A vet can manually express the anal glands to help prevent infection.
2. Anal gland inflammation
If bacteria enter a blocked anal gland, inflammation can occur.
Signs of anal gland inflammation include:
- clear pain around the anus
- swelling around the anal area
- blood or pus during defecation
- sometimes fever or lethargy
An anal gland infection should always be treated by a vet. Antibiotics and pain relief are often required.
3. Anal gland tumours
Anal gland tumours are rare but occur mainly in older dogs. They can be malignant and may produce hormone-like substances that increase calcium levels in the blood.
Possible signs of anal gland tumours include:
- a firm, poorly movable swelling
- weight loss
- lethargy
- difficulty defecating
- symptoms associated with high calcium levels such as excessive drinking, frequent urination, loss of appetite, vomiting and weakness
If a tumour is suspected, prompt diagnostic evaluation by a vet is essential.
4. Perianal gland tumours
These tumours do not originate in the anal glands themselves but in the glands around the anus. They occur mainly in unneutered male dogs and are often hormonally influenced.
These tumours are:
- usually benign
- may bleed or become inflamed
Treatment often consists of surgical removal, frequently combined with neutering.
How can you help prevent anal gland problems?
Your main influence is supporting the normal emptying of the anal glands.
Ensure firm, well-formed stools
Because anal glands are emptied by pressure from stools, good gut function is essential. You can support this with:
- a fibre-rich diet to help stools become firmer and bulkier
- psyllium fibres, which firm up soft stools and bind fluid in cases of diarrhoea
Please note that psyllium should always be given with sufficient water. Without enough water, stools can become very hard.
Supplements to support anal gland function
There are supplements specifically developed to support anal gland health, such as:
These products combine fibres with ingredients that support gut function and anal gland health.
Herbal support
Certain herbs may contribute to healthy digestion and help reduce inflammation, including:
- Canadian golden seal (Hydrastis canadensis)
- Cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa)
- Greater plantain (Plantago major)
- Sage (Salvia officinalis)
- Chamomile (Chamomilla vulgaris)
These herbs are, for example, included in Groene Os Digestivo Complex.
Probiotics for a healthy gut flora
Healthy intestines support regular bowel movements.
- Probiotics support the immune system
- they help stabilise stool consistency
Blocked anal glands and anal gland inflammation in dogs are unpleasant but can often be prevented with the right approach. Firm stools, a healthy gut flora and targeted support form the basis. Avoid expressing the anal glands preventively and always have complaints assessed by a vet to prevent complications.
Do you have any questions about your dog’s anal glands? Please contact us via veterinarian@vetsend.co.uk.
